Lung Cancer Specialist in Bangalore
Lung cancer is one of the most prevalent and challenging forms of cancer globally, accounting for about 12.4% of all new cancer cases each year. In India, the incidence of lung cancer is increasing, representing approximately 5.8% of cancer diagnoses annually. Dr. Manish Kumar, a prominent medical oncologist in Bangalore, India, notes, “Early detection and specialized care can significantly improve outcomes in lung cancer, bringing hope to patients and their families.”
With over 24 years of experience, Dr. Manish Kumar is a highly regarded lung cancer specialist in Bangalore.
He is renowned for his expertise in advanced lung cancer treatments, including targeted therapies and immunotherapy, helping patients manage their condition with precision and compassion.
Are you aware of the critical facts about lung cancer? Let’s dive into the essential information.
Understanding Lung Cancer
Lung cancer occurs when lung cells undergo mutations and begin to grow uncontrollably, leading to the formation of tumors that disrupt normal lung function. If left untreated, it can spread rapidly to other organs. The signs of lung cancer may not be immediately noticeable. In the early stages, lung cancer symptoms can be subtle or mistaken for respiratory infections.
Early detection can result in successful treatment outcomes. As the cancer progresses, treatment options become more complex and often focus on managing symptoms and enhancing the quality of life.
Let’s discuss the signs and causes of lung cancer in the next section.
Symptoms and Causes of Lung Cancer
Common Lung Cancer Symptoms:
Persistent cough that worsens over time
Shortness of breath and wheezing
Chest pain, especially with deep breaths, coughing, or laughter
Unexplained weight loss and loss of appetite
Hoarseness or changes in the voice
Coughing up blood or rust-coloured sputum
Constant fatigue and weakness
Recurring infections, like bronchitis or pneumonia
Primary Lung Cancer Attributable Causes:
Smoking
The leading cause, with most cases linked to long-term smoking
Secondhand Smoke Exposure
Breathing in smoke from others increases risk.
Environmental Pollution
High exposure to pollutants like asbestos, radon gas, and chemicals.
Genetic Factors
Family history may increase susceptibility.
Radiation Exposure
Radiation therapy to the chest area may heighten risk.
Occupational Hazards
Exposure to hazardous chemicals at work, like arsenic or silica.
Let’s discuss the signs and causes of lung cancer in the next section.
Symptoms and Causes of Lung Cancer
- Non Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC):
Adenocarcinoma: The most common type in both smokers and non-smokers, often found in the outer regions of the lung.
Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Typically develops in the central part of the lungs and is closely linked to smoking.
Large Cell Carcinoma: A less common and more aggressive form that can appear in any part of the lung.
- Small Cell Lung Cancer (SCLC):
Known for its rapid growth and tendency to spread early, SCLC is often linked to smoking to an extent that if’s it’s diagnosed in a non smoker, it’s a better idea to recheck the diagnosis. It usually responds well to chemotherapy and radiation but has a high recurrence rate.
- Lung Carcinoid Tumors (Neuroendocrine Tumors):
These are slow-growing tumors that originate in hormone-producing cells of the lungs. They are rare and typically less aggressive, but they can sometimes metastasize.
- Mesothelioma:
A rare type of cancer affecting the lining of the lungs (pleura), often caused by asbestos exposure. It has a long latency period and is usually diagnosed at advanced stages.
What are the stages of lung cancer, and why do they matter? Let’s explore.
Staging for Lung Cancer
Pre-cancerous stage. Cancer cells are found only in the top layers of lung tissue and have not spread deeper or to other areas. It’s the earliest stage, often detected in localized spots.
Stage I: Tumor less than or equal to 3 cms in size, surrounded by Lung or visceral pleura, No Lymph node involvement
- Stage IA: The tumor is small (1 cm or less) and confined to the lung
- Stage IB: The tumor is slightly larger (>1 cm but <2 cms)
- Stage 1C: The tumor is even larger (>2 cm but ≤ 3 cms)
Stage II: Tumor greater than 3 cms but less than or equal to 5 cms in size, and may have gone beyond lung parenchyma, still no Lymph node involvement
- Stage IIA: The lung tumor is bigger than stage I tumors (>3 cm but <4 cms)
- Stage IIB: The tumor is even bigger (>4 cm but ≤ 5 cms)
Stage III (Locally Advanced): Tumor greater than 5 cms but less than or equal to 7 cms in size, and have gone beyond lung parenchyma and is directly involving one or more of surrounding structures, Lymph node involvement seen
- Stage IIIA: The cancer has spread to lymph nodes on the same side of the chest or to other nearby structures.
- Stage IIIB: The cancer has spread to lymph nodes on the opposite side of the chest, above the collarbone, or into other nearby organs.
Cancer has spread to other body parts, such as the bones, brain, liver, and another lung. Stage 4 lung cancer is the most advanced state and typically requires more systemic treatments.
Do you know what to expect during a lung cancer diagnosis? Here’s the process.
Diagnosis of Lung Cancer
- Imaging Tests:
Chest X-ray: Often, the first step, an X-ray, may reveal abnormal growths or masses in the lungs.
CT Scan: Provides detailed cross-sectional images to help locate tumors, assess the size, and check for spread.
PET Scan: Used to determine if cancer has spread by highlighting active cancer cells throughout the body.
MRI: Beneficial for evaluating possible spread to the brain or spinal cord.
- Sputum Cytology:
It involves examining the mucus (sputum) sample under a microscope to detect cancer cells, mainly if persistent coughing produces mucus.
- Biopsy Procedures:
Bronchoscopy: The doctor inserts a thin tube through the airway to collect tissue samples directly from the lungs to rule out the presence of cancerous cells.
Needle Biopsy: A needle is inserted through the chest wall to sample lung tissue if the tumor is in an accessible area.
Mediastinoscopy: An incision near the neck allows for sampling of lymph nodes to check for cancer spread.
- Blood Tests:
While blood tests cannot diagnose lung cancer, they can help assess overall health and determine whether the body is suitable for specific treatments.
- Molecular Testing of Tumor Tissue:
Analyzing cancer cells for specific mutations or proteins can help tailor personalized treatment plans.
Treatment Options for Lung Cancer
- Surgery:
Lobectomy
Removal of an entire lobe of the lung; commonly used for early-stage non small cell lung carcinoma.
Pneumonectomy
Complete removal of one lung, often for larger tumors.
Segmentectomy or Wedge Resection
This procedure removes a minor, localized section of the lung. It is suitable for patients who cannot tolerate more extensive surgery.
Radiation Therapy:
External Beam Radiation Therapy (EBRT)
Targets cancer cells with high-energy beams from outside the body.
Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy (SBRT)
Delivers highly focused radiation in fewer sessions, which is especially useful for early-stage lung tumors. It can also be used at times as replacement for surgery in unwilling patients or who are unfit for surgery because of co-morbidities.
Internal Radiation (Brachytherapy)
Radioactive material is placed directly inside or near the tumor. It can be used in lung cancer to relieve symptoms in advanced cases however rarely used in lung cancers.
Chemotherapy
It involves drugs that kill or stop the growth of cancer cells. Chemotherapy can be administered before surgery (neoadjuvant) to reduce tumor size, after surgery (adjuvant) to eliminate any remaining cells, or as the primary treatment for advanced stages of lung cancer.
Medications designed to target specific genetic mutations or proteins unique to cancer cells. Effective for lung tumors with EGFR mutations, ALK rearrangements, ROS1, MET, BRAF or other specific markers.
Boosts the body’s immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells. PD-1 and PD-L1 inhibitors are commonly used for advanced lung cancer with high response rates in some patients.
Aims to relieve symptoms and improve quality of life, especially in advanced lung cancer stages. This can include pain management, oxygen therapy, and counselling.
Access to new therapies under investigation, often providing innovative treatment options when standard treatments aren’t effective.
Why Choose Dr. Manish Kumar for Lung Cancer Treatment in Bangalore?
With over 24 years in medical oncology, Dr. Manish Kumar is a leading cancer specialist in Bangalore, skilled in diagnosing and treating various types of lung cancer.
He offers cutting-edge, holistic treatment plans to provide precise care, including chemotherapy, targeted therapies and immunotherapy.
Renowned for his compassionate care, Dr. Kumar tailors treatments to fit each patient’s lifestyle and health needs, creating a supportive environment throughout their journey.
Specializing in advanced-stage lung cancer with uncommon mutations and aggressive types like small cell lung carcinoma which can often be refractory, Dr. Kumar effectively manages complex cases to enhance patient outcomes and survival rates.
Actively engaged in research and clinical trials, Dr. Kumar stays abreast of oncology advancements, ensuring his patients access the latest innovative treatments.
Frequently Asked Questions:
Can non-smokers get lung cancer?
Yes, non-smokers can develop lung cancer, mainly due to genetic factors, secondhand smoke, and environmental exposures.
What is the survival rate for lung cancer?
Survival rates vary by stage. It can be as high as 90-100% in stage 1 Lung cancer to as low as 5% in stage IV diseases. Early detection can significantly increase survival chances, with localized cases often having better outcomes.
How do I choose a lung cancer specialist?
Look for a seasoned oncologist with experience in lung cancer management, positive patient reviews, and access to the latest treatment options and clinical trials.
How quickly does lung cancer progress?
Lung cancer progression varies. Small cell lung cancer is typically more aggressive than non-small cell types.
Is surgery always necessary for lung cancer treatment?
Not always. Surgery is typically recommended for early-stage lung cancer. Small cell Lung cancer and advanced cases may require a combination of chemotherapy and radiation instead.
Disclaimer: This page is meant for informational purposes and not for promotional use.